Filter syntax

Some API endpoints accept a where parameter, which applies a filter to the result set.

The following sections give some examples of filter usage and a full syntax reference.

Examples

Field "foo" equals 3:

{ "field": "foo", "is": ["eq", 3] }

For fields of type object, use dot notation to refer to nested fields. Field "bar", nested under field "foo", equals 3:

{ "field": "foo.bar", "is": ["eq", 3] }

The integer field "foo" equals 3 and the integer field "bar" is less than 10:

{
    "and": [
        { "field": "foo", "is": ["eq", 3] },
        { "field": "bar", "is": ["lt", 10] }
    ]
}

Either the uppercased value of the string field "foo" equals "AHREFS", or all string elements in the array field "bar" have the prefix "Ahrefs" and suffix "seo".

{
  "or": [
    {
      "field": "foo",
      "modifier": "uppercase",
      "is": ["eq", "AHREFS"]
    },
    {
      "field": "bar",
      "list_is": {
        "and": [
          ["prefix", "Ahrefs"],
          ["suffix", "seo"],
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

Language reference

The filter syntax is described by the following grammar, expressed in BNF-style notation.

A term enclosed in angle brackets \< and > denotes a symbol. A symbol followed by a + denotes a non-empty array containing the symbol. A ? preceding an object field indicates that the field is optional.

The two terminal symbols are defined as follows:

• \<field_alias> A filter field alias. See the particular endpoint's documentation for the list of valid aliases. Note that the select and where parameters may accept different aliases.
• \<value> A JSON value. It should match the type of the field (or of the field's modifier, if one is present).

Permitted patterns in regex filter expressions differs by tool.

• Keywords Explorer: Only * as a wildcard operator.
• Site Explorer: RE2 syntax.

\<bool_filter> ::= { "and" : \<bool_filter>+ }
              |   { "or" : \<bool_filter>+ }
              |   { "not" : \<bool_filter> }
              |   \<expr>

\<expr> ::= {
             "field" : \<field_alias>,
             ? "is": \<condition>,
             ? "list_is": \<list_condition>
           }

\<condition> ::= [ "eq", \<value> ]
            |   [ "neq", \<value> ]
            |   [ "gt", \<value> ]
            |   [ "gte", \<value> ]
            |   [ "lt", \<value> ]
            |   [ "lte", \<value> ]
            |   [ "substring", \<value> ]
            |   [ "isubstring", \<value> ]
            |   [ "phrase_match", \<value> ]
            |   [ "iphrase_match", \<value> ]
            |   [ "prefix", \<value> ]
            |   [ "suffix", \<value> ]
            |   [ "regex", \<value> ]
            |   "empty"
            |   "is_null"

\<condition_bool_filter> ::= { "and" : \<condition_bool_filter>+ }
                        |   { "or" : \<condition_bool_filter>+ }
                        |   { "not" : \<condition_bool_filter> }
                        |   \<condition>

\<list_condition> ::= { "any" : \<condition_bool_filter> }
                 |   { "all" : \<condition_bool_filter> }